ARTICLES of CONSTITUTION
of the
LAMA TSONGKHAPA CENTER

a Michigan Non-Profit Corporation

PREAMBLE:

WHEREAS our goal is to institute a Buddhist church which shall remain at all times properly deferential to its first and all subsequent Spiritual Heads; and...

WHEREAS the Spiritual Head will often be not immediately available owing to duties and obligations to our several sister churches and to the tradition, such duties on occasion taking him out of the country or into retreat; and...

WHEREAS simple democratic processes clearly function to best advantage only within the context of a much larger plurality than that which the corporation is expected to soon enjoy; and...

WHEREAS it is our very foremost responsibility to guard against and forthrightly disallow the pruning of our established traditions and grafting on of foreign dogma—just such as tends to occur during any active phase of cross-cultural intersection, which this is...

THIS CHURCH IS HEREBY CONSTITUTED as a stratified, single-chambered pyramidal democracy such that the directive powers at higher strata may be diluted only by virtue of a near-unanimous supermajority from those strata lower down. Recourse to directive intercession by the Spiritual Head will open, but not without measured constraints designed to forestall frivolous over-employment thereof.

It being our ardent hope that the membership shall in time gradually increase to a number sufficient for smoother, more democratic processes, and that at such time a constitutional crisis may be avoided, membership is herein stratified with the duties and powers at each strata commensurate according to clearly defined levels of increasing commitment.

Our very specific intent is that a simple majority of persons holding lesser commitments may not overrule the combined will of those expectedly fewer persons holding much greater commitments. Nor may members of the highest commitment easily overrule the will of their Spiritual Head. We intend that such overruling from any level to any next higher level may be accomplished only through a near-unanimous consensus of all such members of lesser commitment.

Specifically intended is that in the beginning, with the membership being small, the Board of Directors shall enjoy very strong directive powers. In like manner, so long as the total number of Directors does not approach the allowable maximum, the powers of the Coordinator shall encompass even greater directive scope. And similarly, the powers of the Spiritual Head shall effect a near-total autocracy. This ratio of directive powers shall exist solely by virtue of the number of votes allotted to each, and by each's relative voting majority against an expectedly small initial membership. In the beginning, the corporation's treasury is expected to be small to such an extent that strong direction by so few may pose no great financial or legal consequence.

If and when the membership may increase, and together with it the financial reserves and legal obligations of the corporation, the totality of possible votes will increase in proportion, which effect shall be to very gradually diminish the relative majority of those in positions of directive responsibility.

ARTICLE ONE. DELINEATION OF PURPOSE.

SECTION 1.1. The Purposes of this non-profit corporation are:

(a) to preserve, study, practice and propagate the teachings, philosophy, meditative techniques and devotional practices of the Gelugpa lineage of Tibetan Mahayana Buddhism.

(b) to pursue the common purposes of item "a" in a mutually respectful collaborative manner alongside other religious movements so as to foster ever greater harmony with and between fellow Buddhists in particular, and all religious faiths in general.

(c) to pursue the uncommon purposes of item "a" in a faithful and deliberate but non-confrontational manner so as to avoid public exacerbation of any such differences as may exist within the sublime Gelugpa tradition, or outside of it with any other party or parties whomsoever.

(d) to sponsor programs aimed at alleviating the suffering and injustice undergone by Tibetan Buddhists anywhere, and particularly by the ethnic Tibetan population native to the immediate vicinity of Zuru Gompa in Kham, Southeastern Tibet.

ARTICLE TWO. MEMBERSHIP.

SECTION 2.1. ELIGIBILITY.

Membership in the corporation is open to all who express a sincere interest in and ongoing support of the values and teachings firstly of the historic Buddha Shakyamuni; and within those, especially the lineage of Je Rinpoche (Tsongkhapa 1357"1419 C.E.); and within these latter, particularly the exacting discernment of our center's Spiritual Head; said membership being divided into the following levels of commitment:

(a) PARTICIPANTS include all who sincerely embrace the common values of Tibetan Mahayana Buddhism and who choose to affiliate. It is recommended that members at this level of commitment shall voluntarily contribute sums of at least five (5) dollars per annum into the treasury of the corporation.

(b) CONTRIBUTORS include all who, in addition to the requirements of the next stratum lower down, hold these same common values above all other competing philosophies, faiths, religions, public or private belief systems, or any other creed whatsoever, and who espouse especial support of the specific purposes outlined in Article 1.1 above. It is recommended that members at this level of commitment shall voluntarily contribute sums of at least ten (10) dollars per annum into the treasury of the corporation.

(c) ADHERENTS include all those who, in addition to the requirements of all strata lower down, have taken Buddhist vows of refuge, and apply themselves actively to the spiritual studies and meditative and devotional practices encouraged by the center's Spiritual Head. It is recommended that members at this level of commitment shall voluntarily contribute sums of at least twenty (20) dollars per annum into the treasury of the corporation.

(d) DEVOTEES include all those, who in addition to the requirements of all strata lower down, accept our center's Spiritual Head, or one of his/her predecessors in that office, as their own root guru, having been granted empowerment into Highest Yoga Tantra by one or more of the same, and who are generally recognized by their peers as striving to keep their tantric precepts faithfully. It is recommended that members at this level of commitment shall voluntarily contribute sums of at least forty (40) dollars per annum into the treasury of the corporation.

(e) SPIRITUAL HEAD shall comprise a single individual as described for the office of Spiritual Head in Section 4.2 of this document. The Spiritual Head shall be counted as a member for the purpose of voting or any other official or unofficial act exclusive of any constraints or conditions whatsoever.

SECTION 2.2. DEFINITION OF ACTIVE MEMBERSHIP.

Active members are defined as those who are privileged to participate in an officially directive and/or influential capacity. Such participation is defined as voting in general elections, bringing matters before the body during any general election, serving on the Board of Directors and attending meetings of the Board. By definition, the Spiritual Head and his/her appointed Coordinator are both considered active members regardless of any further criteria. All other members must adhere to the following criteria for an uninterrupted span of twelve (12) months immediately preceding any such participation:

(a) Financial contribution or contributions totaling no less then that value recommended as appropriate to their level of commitment must have been donated into the corporation's treasury.

(b) Member must have been present and actively taken part in at least four (4) sessions of meditative and/or devotional practice sponsored either by the corporation or by any of it's sister churches organized under the same Spiritual Head.

(c) Member must not have engaged in any activity the purpose of which was to undermine, diminish, dilute or in any way hinder the free and unfettered voluntary exercise of any of the common or uncommon spiritual traditions historically observed within the Gelugpa lineage of Tibetan Mahayana Buddhism.

(d) Member must not have worked to embroil either the corporation itself or any of its active members in political machinations of any kind as may originate external to the corporation.

The active status of any member shall be assumed until and unless two other members of active standing shall make concerted accusation of a specific violation of one or more of the above conditions presenting this together with convincing evidence before a quorum of the Board of Directors. A majority vote of the Board of Directors shall decide the status of any member so accused.

Should a condition of inactive status have been determined by the Board with the votes of the Spiritual Head having been assumed as cast in abstention, the accused member may require that these further thirty-one (31) votes shall also be cast. Such appeal shall be made by the member to the Coordinator, who shall insure compliance with the methods and procedures as described in Article Eight below.

SECTION 2.2. DUTIES AND POWERS OF THE MEMBERSHIP.

At each meeting called for the purpose of elections, Adherents and Devotees shall elect eligible members to fill vacancies on the Board of Directors. In such elections or in any other vote whatsoever, Contributors shall each cast a single vote, Adherents shall each cast three (3) votes, Devotees shall cast seven (7) votes, the Coordinator shall fifteen (15) votes, and the Spiritual Head shall cast thirty-one (31) votes. Those allotted multiple votes may, at their sole discretion, cast each vote according to a different manner as they choose. Votes may be cast in support, opposition or abstention of any proposition or nominee. All other members except for the Spiritual Head must be present in order to vote and must cast their votes at that time.

The Spiritual Head may vote in absentia, communicating his/her votes via any recorded media such as: on paper, through the post; or by a voice-mail telephone recording; electronic data transfer (e-mail); or by any similar method.

SECTION 2.3. MEETINGS.

At intervals of no more than then twenty-four (24) months a meeting shall be called for the purpose of conducting such business as may be brought before the body and for the election of the Board of Directors. A quorum shall consist of all those members eligible to vote which are present together with the Coordinator and/or Spiritual Head. Written notice of the time and place of such a meeting shall be mailed to each member eligible to vote no less than two weeks prior to the meeting.

SECTION 2.4. ELECTIONS.

At each meeting convened for the purpose of electing a Director or Directors, Board members shall be elected by a plurality of votes, a quorum of the members and/or Board members together with the Coordinator and/or Spiritual Head being present. An Election Committee, composed of the Coordinator and up to two (2) other Directors will present a slate of candidates for election as Board members. Listing of the slate of nominees shall be included into the written notification of the election meeting.

On the occasion of any vote or election in which the Spiritual Head has exercised his/her exclusive option to vote in absentia, the media on which his/her vote or votes are recorded must be preserved for a minimum period of fifteen (15) days after the voting membership has been informed of the tally and its subsequent results. During this limited fifteen (15) day period, challengers up to a maximum of three (3) may demand the right to witness this same media on which the Spiritual Head's votes were recorded. Such right to witness must be granted, but only at a time and place convenient to the Coordinator or to a member of the Board of Directors or to an officer of the corporation. Such convenient time and place shall be arranged by mutual consensus between the challenger(s) and the agent(s) acting on behalf of the corporation.

ARTICLE THREE. BOARD OF DIRECTORS.

SECTION 3.1. COMPOSITION AND SELECTION.

The Board of Directors of the corporation shall be comprised of any number of individuals from two (2) to no more than nine (9) total. One of these Directors shall be the Spiritual Head. A second Director shall be the Coordinator, who shall be appointed by the Spiritual Head. All other Directors shall be elected.

Each of the elected Directors shall hold office for a three (3) year term with no limit on the length of continuous service. Each elected Director shall hold office until the election meeting held next after his/her term expires or until his/her successor shall have been elected and qualified or until his/her death, resignation, incapacitating illness, or removal. Directors need not be residents of Michigan. Elected Directors must be currently active Adherents or Devotees. Directors may be removed from office for cause at the written direction of the Spiritual Head. Such removal shall be immediately effective upon receipt by any member of the Board of a signed letter from the Spiritual Head stating such cause. Cause for removal is herein defined as any willful and/or sustained effort made contrary to the purposes of the corporation as stated in Section 1.1 above or for their membership having fallen from active to inactive status according to the criteria of Section 2.2 above. Any remunerated employee of the corporation shall be ineligible to serve as a Director.

SECTION 3.2. DUTIES AND POWERS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS.

The Board of Directors shall be responsible for the general oversight and operation of the organization and shall establish, review, and implement goals and basic programs. All receipts, investments, and disbursements of funds of the corporation shall be subject to the direction of the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors, on behalf of the corporation and in furtherance of its purposes, may borrow money, execute promissory notes, bonds, mortgages, and security deposits for the repayment of debts and lawful engagements of the corporation.

SECTION 3.3. MEETINGS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS.

The Board of Directors shall convene in regular meetings at least two times a year, in such places and at such times in the State of Michigan or in any other State of the United States or foreign country as the Board may determine. Meetings may be called either by the Spiritual Head, or the Coordinator, or by a majority consensus of the Directors. Notice of all regular meetings as to date, time, and place shall be determined and communicated to all Board members at least seven days in advance of such meeting. Attendance at such meeting, unless attendance is for the sole purpose of objecting to the transacting of any business at a meeting unlawfully called or convened, shall constitute waiver of any such required notice.

SECTION 3.4. VOTING.

Each Director of the corporation shall have votes according to the same number as described in Section 2.1 above. Votes shall be cast according to the same manner as described in Section 2.1 above. Resolutions and actions of any kind shall require a concurrence of a majority of votes by the Board, except as otherwise provided by corporate articles in this constitution. For conducting business, a quorum shall constitute at least a majority of all Board members together with the Coordinator.

ARTICLE FOUR. OFFICERS.

SECTION 4.1. COMPOSITION AND SELECTION.

The first officer of the corporation shall comprise a Spiritual Head, who shall be a fully empowered tantric adept in the spiritual lineage of Je Tsongkhapa Rinpoche according to the Gelugpa tradition of Tibetan Mahayana Buddhism and who's tantric and/or ordination vows which have not officially been returned in accordance with tradition are generally regarded as unbroken. The first Spiritual Head herein specifically designated is the Venerable XIII-th Zasep Tulku Rinpoche, who's ordination name is Lobsang Tenzin Gyaltsen, a resident of Canada. The tenure of this first Spiritual Head shall continue until his death, incapacitating illness, or voluntary resignation.

Subsequent holders of the office of Spiritual Head shall be selected by mutual agreement between the candidate and the Board of Directors together with the Coordinator. Confirmation into the office of such candidate for Spiritual Head shall occur immediately upon a majority vote by the Board of Directors together with the Coordinator at any time after the office of Spiritual Head will have been vacated. In such election, the votes of the last former Spiritual Head shall be counted as cast in favor of his/her own prefered candidate and against any other candidate. The Spiritual Head’s preferred candidate will be that individual as most recently named and communicated to the membership prior to his/her having left office. If no such communication has been received, the votes of the Spiritual Head shall be counted as cast in abstention.

The tenure of any Spiritual Head subsequent to the first Spiritual Head shall continue until his/her death, incapacitating illness or voluntary resignation, or until an opposing unanimous vote of the Board of Directors together with a majority vote of the Devotees.

The second officer of the corporation shall comprise a Coordinator who is appointed by the Spiritual Head. Additional officers shall comprise a Vice Coordinator, a Secretary, and Treasurer who shall be chosen by the Directors at a meeting of the Board of Directors immediately following each election meeting, for a term of three years.

An officer may be removed from office by a vote of no less than two-thirds (2/3) of the votes of the Board of Directors or for cause at the written direction of the Spiritual Head. Such removal by direction of the Spiritual Head shall be immediately effective upon receipt by any member of the Board of Directors of a signed letter from the Spiritual Head stating the cause for removal. Cause for removal is herein defined as deliberate efforts made contrary to the purposes of the corporation as stated in Section 1.1 above. Any Officer so removed shall be ineligible for any office until such time as six (6) months have passed since his/her removal. The Board of Directors may fill a vacancy in any office for the unexpired term. The Board of Directors may establish and fill other offices as the need arises.

SECTION 4.2. DUTIES AND POWERS OF THE OFFICERS.

The officers of the corporation shall have such powers to perform such duties as may from time to time be specified by the Board of Directors. In the absence of any such specification, each officer shall have the powers, responsibilities, and general duties as officers of the same title serving in non-profit organizations having a like or similar purpose as the corporation. The officers shall have the following specific responsibilities and duties:

(a) SPIRITUAL HEAD. The Spiritual Head shall determine and delimit at his/her exclusive option the nature and scope of all studies, rites, meditational and devotional techniques and/or practices as well as any and all religious matters, questions and/or concerns whatsoever which are to be officially endorsed, supported or undertaken by active members in the name of the corporation. The Spiritual Head shall appoint and remove a person of his/her own choosing to the office of Coordinator. The Spiritual Head shall also decide any such matters as may be brought to his/her attention by the Coordinator or by the Board of Directors. The Spiritual Head is allotted thirty-one (31) votes in all issues brought before the Board of Directors or before the body of the voting membership.

(b) COORDINATOR. The Coordinator shall be the chief executive officer of the corporation, convene and preside at meetings of the Board of Directors, and oversee the day-to-day operation of the corporation's business and programs and exercise all powers incidental thereto. The Coordinator shall perform all functions designated to him/her by the Spiritual Head and may establish and appoint ad hoc committees and shall be an ex-officio member of all standing committees of the corporation. The Coordinator is allotted fifteen (15) votes in all issues brought before the Board of Directors or before the body of the voting membership.

(c) VICE COORDINATOR. The Vice Coordinator shall assist the Coordinator and perform all other functions designated to him/her by the Coordinator or the Board, and in case of the absence of the Coordinator, will act as Coordinator.

(d) TREASURER. The Treasurer shall be the chief financial officer of the corporation and shall be an ex-officio member of the Finance Committee together with the Coordinator. He/she shall administer all funds and shall hold and maintain all financial records of the Foundation. He/she shall implement the Foundation's investment policies and report to the Board. He/she shall prepare and submit financial reports as requested by the Coordinator or the Board and shall prepare reports of accounts for each regular meeting. He/she shall have all accounts available for inspection upon reasonable request and shall ensure that all tax statements are filed to proper authorities in a timely manner.

(e) SECRETARY. The Secretary shall hold and maintain all records not alloted into the keeping of the Treasurer and shall keep a permanent file of all correspondence, minutes of all corporation meetings, policy statements, reports, and other pertinent data. He/she shall be responsible for producing and publishing reports as required by law and for preparing and circulating the agenda and minutes for all regular corporation meetings. In addition to the minutes of the meeting, the Secretary shall keep a record of resolutions for all items voted on by the Board of Directors.

ARTICLE FIVE. OPERATING PROCEDURES.

SECTION 5.1. FINANCES.

The Board of Directors together with the Coordinator shall designate a financial institution where accounts and funds of the corporation shall be deposited. Checks written or withdrawals made for any amount shall require signatures from the Treasurer and the Coordinator both together.

SECTION 5.2. COMPENSATION.

No member of the Board of Directors of the corporation shall receive any salary or remuneration by virtue of such directorship but may be reimbursed for reasonable expenses incurred in rendering services on behalf of the corporation. Officers of the corporation shall not receive a salary or other remuneration for services rendered except as specifically authorized by the Board of Directors.

SECTION 5.3. ACTION BY CONSENT.

Any action permitted or required by the Articles of Incorporation, by these Articles of Constitution, or by law, to be taken at a meeting of the Board of Directors may be taken without meeting if a consent in writing setting forth the action so taken is signed by all of the Directors of the Corporation together with the Spiritual Head and/or Coordinator.

SECTION 5.4. INDEMNIFICATION.

The corporation shall indemnify any present or former director or officer of the corporation against all expenses, costs (including reasonable attorney fees), judgments, penalties, fines, and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such director or officer in any action, suit, or proceeding (including, without limitation, proceedings brought by or in the right of the corporation) to which such director or officer is made a party by reason of his/her serving as a director or officer of the corporation and to the fullest extent allowed by the laws of the State of Michigan. This indemnification shall also cover expenditures incurred in good faith in anticipation of, in preparation for, or settlement of threatened or proposed litigation, as well as criminal, administrative, and investigative proceedings. These indemnification provisions shall apply only if such person acted in good faith, in a manner such persons reasonably believed to be not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and (in case of criminal proceeding) had no reasonable cause to believe his/her conduct was unlawful.

SECTION 5.5. COSPONSORS.

If it so desires, the Board of Directors may invite other organizations or institutions to become cosponsors of any of its projects or programs, except as regards the uncommon sacred traditions of the Gelugpa lineage of Tibetan Mahayana Buddhism, where the explicit consent of the Spiritual Head must have been obtained, preferably but not exclusively, through his/her appointed Coordinator. In similar manner, and under identical constraints, the Board of Directors may also request other organizations or institutions to endorse any of its projects or programs. Acceptance of a cosponsor or endorser will require approval of no less than two-thirds (2/3) of the Board of Directors together with the Coordinator.

SECTION 5.6. FISCAL YEAR.

The fiscal year of the corporation shall be from June 19th to June 18th of each calendar year.

ARTICLE SIX. STANDING COMMITTEES.

SECTION 6.1.

The following standing committees shall be established with the duties stated.

1. The FINANCE COMMITTEE shall initiate and oversee the collection of funds. The Finance Committee shall be responsible for the preparation of grant applications. The Coordinator and Treasurer shall be ex-officio members of the Finance Committee.

2. The PROGRAM COMMITTEE shall plan and implement programs of the corporation and determine the physical requirements of such activities.

3. The ELECTIONS COMMITTEE shall oversee elections of officers within the Board of Directors and elections of members to the Board.

4. The TIBETAN BENEFICIAL AID COMMITTEE shall plan and implement programs aimed at providing aid to Tibetans undergoing hardships in their homeland and abroad. A very especial primary interest of this committee shall be the ethnic Tibetan population of that region immediately surrounding Zuru Gompa monastery in Kham, southeastern Tibet.

SECTION 6.3. SUB-COMMITTEES.

Any committee may, with the approval of the Board of Directors, set up sub-committees to carry on specific portions of its work. The Board of Directors together with the Coordinator may jointly define additional duties for these committees and establish other committees with prescribed duties.

ARTICLE SEVEN. PROPERTIES DISPOSITION

SECTION 7.1

Disposition of assets belonging to the center shall be made by a majority of votes of the Directors except as follows:

(a) Any and all religious relics which have been empowered and/or consecrated according to the sacred traditions of the Gelugpa lineage of Tibetan Mahayana Buddhism by the current or any pervious Spiritual Head must be dealt with according to the expressed wish of the current Spiritual Head as communicated preferentially but not exclusively through his/her appointed Coordinator.

(b) No real properties valued in excess of ten thousand (10,000) dollars which have been donated to the center by any currently active Adherent or Devotee may be transferred, sold or otherwise disposed of without the express written approval of said donator until such time as five (5) years have passed since the legal transferal to the center of such real properties. Should the Board elect to no longer maintain such properties, they must be returned back into the full legal ownership of said donator, or at said donator's written direction, re-donated to another non-profit organization having goals and purposes similar to those first adopted by this church at the time of its incorporation.

ARTICLE EIGHT. INTERCESSION BY THE SPIRITUAL HEAD

SECTION 8.1.

In the absence of the Spiritual Head at the time and place of other members casting their votes, his/her votes shall be deemed as cast in abstention except and unless either the Coordinator or a member or members of the Board of Directors shall call into question whether it is probable that the Spiritual Head might specifically not wish to abstain. Should any such members so opine, they shall declare such opinion at the time of casting their own vote or votes. On the occasion that such opinion shall have been declared, the vote shall proceed until all other votes have been cast. The votes so cast shall then be tallied to determine whether an additional thirty-one (31) votes would prove significant in determining the outcome. If a further thirty-one (31) votes would not prove significant, such initial tally shall be deemed final. If a further thirty-one (31) votes would indeed prove significant, then the initial tally shall be recorded and the outcome set aside with the final tally not being counted until such time as the Spiritual Head will have cast his/her votes or else have communicated his/her willful abstention.

On such occasion representatives from each of the parties supporting separate potential outcomes shall compose in secret their own views on the subject of the vote, sealing each into an opaque envelope together with a cashiers check payable to the Spiritual Head in the amount of twenty-seven (27) dollars. Said envelopes shall be delivered into the hands of the Coordinator. Failure to deliver such envelope within a span of ten (10) days from the time of the initial tally shall constitute waiver of their right to request intercession by the Spiritual Head for the specific vote in question.

Upon receipt of such envelopes the Coordinator shall seal both into a third larger envelope and inscribe upon it that address of the Spiritual Head which is then most convenient of obtaining a timely response. The Coordinator together with the representatives shall deliver said envelope into the care of the United States Post Office. Ordinary charges plus the added service of registered or certified mail shall be paid for out of the corporation treasury. Return receipt shall be addressed to Coordinator.

Upon receipt of the registered mail delivery certificate, the Coordinator shall immediately notify each of the representatives. If and when the Spiritual Head responds in writing, each of the person or persons receiving said written response shall immediately notify the Coordinator, who shall call a special meeting of the Board of Directors.

In the event that the Spiritual Head should not respond within a span of one hundred twenty (120) days from the date of mailing, the prior assumption of his/her thirty-one (31) votes as having been cast in abstention shall remain wholly in force. Should such vote have been a tie, those votes having been cast by the Coordinator shall determine the outcome.

ARTICLE NINE. AMENDMENTS TO THIS CONSTITUTION.

SECTION 9.1.

The articles of this constitution may be altered, amended, or repealed and new articles adopted by a concurrence of no less than two-thirds (2/3) of the Board of Directors of the corporation together with the explicit written item-by-item approval of the Spiritual Head. Proposed changes shall be read at one meeting and provisionally approved at a subsequent meeting. Individual copies of proposed changes shall be made available to any member so requesting. The original master copy of any such provisionally approved changes must be communicated by certified mail into the hands of the Spiritual Head for final approval. The Spiritual Head may exercise at his/her exclusive option the right of item by item veto over said provisionally approved changes. Should there pass a period of more than one calendar year from the Spiritual Head's receipt of these changes without his/her signature of approval having been applied, the proposed changes shall be considered in toto as null and void. Any changes not vetoed by having been crossed out and initialed by the Spiritual Head become effective immediately upon his/her hand-written signature having been appended, in ink, at the bottom of said original master copy.


Copy on file with the State of Michigan
Michigan Department of Consumer and Industry Services
Corporation, Securities and Land Development Bureau
Identification Number: 758896


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